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Cambridge 0580 IGCSE  ·  Topic C1.4

C1.4 Fractions, Decimals & Percentages

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01 — Explanation

How do I convert between a fraction, a decimal and a percentage?

These three notations describe the same amount in different clothes:

  • Fraction → Decimal: divide the numerator by the denominator. 58=5÷8=0.625\dfrac{5}{8} = 5 \div 8 = 0.625
  • Decimal → Percentage: multiply by 100100. 0.625×100=62.5%0.625 \times 100 = 62.5\%
  • Percentage → Fraction: write over 100100 and simplify. 62.5%=6251000=5862.5\% = \dfrac{625}{1000} = \dfrac{5}{8}
FractionDecimalPercentage
12\frac{1}{2}0.50.550%50\%
14\frac{1}{4}0.250.2525%25\%
15\frac{1}{5}0.20.220%20\%
18\frac{1}{8}0.1250.12512.5%12.5\%
320\frac{3}{20}0.150.1515%15\%

Core tier note: you're expected to simplify fractions fully, but you will never be asked to convert a recurring decimal to a fraction (or back) — that's Extended-only.

02 — Explanation

How do I convert a mixed number into a decimal or percentage?

Convert the mixed number to an improper fraction first, then divide.

Example: write 4384\frac{3}{8} as a decimal and a percentage.

  1. 438=(4×8)+38=3584\frac{3}{8} = \dfrac{(4 \times 8) + 3}{8} = \dfrac{35}{8}
  2. Divide: 35÷8=4.37535 \div 8 = 4.375
  3. Multiply by 100100: 4.375×100=437.5%4.375 \times 100 = 437.5\%

Common Slip

Writing 4384\frac{3}{8} straight as 4.34.3 by just copying the numerator. You must actually convert the fractional part (38=0.375\frac{3}{8} = 0.375) and add it to the whole number.

03 — Explanation

Why do some fractions give a terminating decimal, and others go on forever?

A fraction in its simplest form gives a terminating decimal only if the denominator's prime factors are made up exclusively of 22s and/or 55s — because our number system is base 10=2×510 = 2\times 5. Any other prime factor in the denominator (like 33, 77, or 1111) forces the decimal to recur.

  • 38\dfrac{3}{8}: denominator 8=238 = 2^3 (only 2s) → terminates: 0.3750.375.
  • 13\dfrac{1}{3}: denominator 33 (not 2 or 5) → recurs forever: 0.333…0.333\ldots
  • 720\dfrac{7}{20}: denominator 20=22×520 = 2^2 \times 5 (only 2s and 5s) → terminates: 0.350.35.

Core tier note: you are never asked to write a recurring decimal using dot notation, or to convert one back into a fraction — you would only be expected to round it, e.g. give 0.333…0.333\ldots as 0.330.33 to 2 d.p.

Exam Tip

if a "convert to a decimal" question gives you an ugly-looking fraction like 17\frac{1}{7}, don't panic if the digits don't settle into a neat pattern quickly on your calculator — just round to the number of decimal places or significant figures the question asks for.

04 — Explanation

How do I order values given in mixed forms?

Convert everything to decimals (to 3 decimal places is usually safe), order the decimals, then write your final answer using the original notation given in the question.

05 — Worked example

Worked exam-style question

Write these in order of size, smallest first: 35,58%,0.615,1120\dfrac{3}{5}, \quad 58\%, \quad 0.615, \quad \dfrac{11}{20}.

  1. Convert each to a decimal: 35=0.600\frac{3}{5} = 0.600, 58%=0.58058\% = 0.580, 0.615=0.6150.615 = 0.615, 1120=0.550\frac{11}{20} = 0.550.
  2. Order the decimals: 0.550<0.580<0.600<0.6150.550 < 0.580 < 0.600 < 0.615.
  3. Restate using the original forms:
1120,58%,35,0.615\frac{11}{20}, \quad 58\%, \quad \frac{3}{5}, \quad 0.615

06 — Common mistakes

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Leaving the final answer as decimals instead of restating it in the original fractions/percentages — the decimals were only a working tool, and the mark scheme wants the original forms back.
  • Not simplifying a fraction fully, e.g. leaving 68\frac{6}{8} instead of dividing by the HCF to get 34\frac{3}{4}.
  • Losing track of the decimal point when converting a mixed number — always convert the fractional part on its own before adding it to the whole number.