01 — Explanation
What are the basic angle facts at a point and on a line?
- Angles at a point sum to .
- Angles on a straight line sum to .
- Vertically opposite angles (formed where two lines cross) are equal.
- Angles in a triangle sum to ; angles in a quadrilateral sum to .
02 — Explanation
What happens to angles when a line crosses two parallel lines?
A line crossing a pair of parallel lines (a transversal) creates three named angle relationships:
- Corresponding angles (same position at each intersection, forming an "F" shape) are equal.
- Alternate angles (on opposite sides of the transversal, between the parallel lines, forming a "Z" shape) are equal.
- Co-interior angles (same side of the transversal, between the parallel lines, forming a "C" shape) are supplementary — they sum to .
03 — Explanation
How do I calculate interior and exterior angles of a regular polygon?
The exterior angles of any polygon sum to , so for a regular polygon with sides:
Interior and exterior angles at each vertex lie on a straight line, so:
For an irregular polygon, use the sum-of-interior-angles formula instead:
04 — Explanation
How do I write a full "reasons" answer, not just a number?
Cambridge expects the correct geometric name for every step, using three-letter angle notation (e.g. angle ) where a diagram has multiple angles at one vertex. E.g.: "angle (alternate angles, )."
05 — Explanation
How do I tackle a multi-step problem that combines parallel lines and a triangle?
Work through the diagram one labelled angle at a time rather than trying to spot the final answer immediately. Use the parallel-line facts to find any angle you can from what's given, then feed that result into the triangle (or quadrilateral) angle-sum fact to find the next one, and so on — each new angle you calculate becomes a stepping stone for the next, so write down every intermediate value with its reason rather than trying to jump straight to the answer.
Exam tip
A numerically correct angle with no reason, or a vague reason like "angles on a line", will lose marks on "give reasons" questions — always name the specific fact (e.g. "angles on a straight line sum to ", not just "straight line").
06 — Worked example
Worked example
A regular polygon has an interior angle of . Find the number of sides.
- Exterior angle .
- Since exterior angles of a regular polygon sum to : .
- The polygon has sides.
07 — Worked example
Worked example: combining parallel lines with a triangle
In a diagram, line is parallel to line , and is a point above such that forms a triangle with on and on . Angle and angle . Find angle , and hence state angle .
- Angles in triangle sum to : angle .
- Since , and , , lie on the same straight line (as do , , ), triangle is simply a larger version of triangle sharing the same angle at .
- Corresponding angles give angle angle (since is a transversal crossing the parallel lines and ).