01 — Explanation
How do I find the midpoint of each class interval?
A frequency polygon plots each class's frequency against the midpoint of its interval — never the upper or lower boundary. This is because the midpoint is the best single representative of all the data hidden inside that interval.
For the interval : midpoint .
Exam Tip
add an extra "midpoint" column to the frequency table before plotting anything. Listing every coordinate pair (midpoint, frequency) first turns the problem into simple plotting rather than mental arithmetic under pressure.
02 — Explanation
How do I plot and join the points correctly?
Plot each (midpoint, frequency) pair, then join consecutive points with straight line segments drawn with a ruler — never a freehand curve. The line should not close back to the first point; it floats above the axis as an open line graph. The one exception: if a class at either end of the range genuinely has a frequency of 0, the line correctly touches the x-axis at that class's midpoint.
03 — Explanation
What mistakes turn this into the wrong diagram?
- Plotting at an endpoint instead of the midpoint — this distorts the whole shape of the graph.
- Drawing a smooth curve — that's a cumulative frequency diagram, not a frequency polygon.
- Joining the last point back to the first, forming a closed shape.
Common Mistake
confusing a frequency polygon with a histogram. A histogram uses touching bars where area represents frequency; a frequency polygon uses a line through midpoints where the height directly represents frequency.
04 — Worked example
Worked exam-style question
The table shows the weights of 100 boxes. Draw a frequency polygon and state the modal class.
| Weight ( kg) | Frequency |
|---|---|
| 10 | |
| 17 | |
| 28 | |
| 25 | |
| 20 |
- Midpoints: .
- Coordinate pairs to plot: .
- Join the five points in order with straight ruled segments — the line floats above the axis at both ends since no interval has frequency 0.
- The highest point is , so the modal class is .
As a bonus check: the probability a randomly chosen box weighs kg or less is — frequency polygons and probability questions are frequently combined in the same exam item.
05 — Explanation
How does a frequency polygon compare with a histogram?
Both display continuous grouped data, and a frequency polygon can even be thought of as the line joining the midpoints of a histogram's bar-tops. The key practical difference is that two or more frequency polygons can be drawn on the same axes and compared cleanly, whereas overlaid histograms tend to obscure one another — which is why a question comparing two datasets will usually ask for polygons rather than histograms.